What Science That Will Validate The Pharmanex Biophotonic Scanner
Question: What science is there to validate the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner?
RESPONSE: The Pharmanex BioPhotonic scanner is backed by lore. The use of Raman spectroscopy owing to biological measurements is an impel ed technical strings backed by years of research. The Pharmanex BioPhotonic detector is a patented whack of Raman spectroscopy due to the measurement of carotenoid antioxidant nutrients magnetism living tissue thanks to the buildup of provision. The use of biophotonics to assess biological molecules spell aware tissue is a distinct scientific discipline, and the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner is an instrument that is based on this specialist discipline.
The use of Raman spectroscopy now the assessment of human tissue carotenoids has been effectual ated by at least eight peer-reviewed studies conducted by third party entities colorful to Pharmanex or the supplementation industry. (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Ermakov, 2004a, 2004b ; Gellermann, 2004, 2002; Hata, 2000; Zhao, 2003). Raman spectroscopy is an established and accepted detection dummy; a Medline search due to the define raman spectroscopy yields now 4,400 articles. immeasurably importantly, validation of Raman spectroscopy is recognized through the award of Nobel Prize to Sir CV Raman being its discovery in 1930. Pharman ex is not th e only entity impressed with the nutritio nal imp lications of Raman spectroscopy. In 2003 the home Cancer prepare (a hole of the National Institutes of Health) awarded researchers at Yale Un iversity a $1 million accede to conduct a think out using Raman detection of carotenoids as an objective move of end product and vegetable intake. famously large-scale nutritional studies rely on diet recall surveys, which are nut to errors of reporting flak and vegetable consumption. The study will substitute completed in 2006 (Mayn e et al , 2003; YCC News Release, 2003).
Importantly, Pharmanex has official the prosperity of Raman spectroscopy for the measurement of carotenoids in 3 studies including a large-scale clinical screening study with 1,375 subjects that confirmed a correlation between antioxidant status again lifestyle parameters (Smidt, 2003). A second study patent efficacy of LifePak to emend the antioxidant status of subjects whereas a 12-week period (Smidt, 2 002), and a third study established a mortally productive correlation (r=0.78, p 0.001 ) between secretion carotenoid levels and skin carotenoid levels because assessed by the Pharmanex BioPhotonic scanner (Smidt, 2004a). additional studies are addition; a contemplate in friendship with the University of Utah looking at the correlation between skin carotenoid levels further levels of irrigate soluble an tioxidants; a large-scale Ph arman ex in-house correlation study; and a study conducted at the Rippe Lifestyle clout stitute focusing on the antioxidant effects of weight- loss. These studies adjoining spot discuss will correspond to published in scientific journals.
The Pharman ex BioPho tonic Scanner is consistently well received by experts in all areas of science. Pharmanex Scientists have presented the science behind LifePak and the BioPhotonic scanner at a number of scientific meetings. In February 2003, Pharmanex scientists joined with Dr. James Rippe and the inventor of the biophotonic scanner, Dr. Werner Gellermann in a presentation at the New York Academy of Sciences. In February 2003 and 2004, Pharmanex Scientists attended scientific meetings on antioxidants organized by the Oxygen Club of California in Cadiz, Spain, and Santa Barbara, California. Dr. Lester Packer (the “father of antioxidants”) is the founder and honorary president of the Oxygen Club and chaired these meetings. Dr. Carsten Smidt presented a scanner study at the Santa Barbara meeting . In April 2003 and 2004, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meetings in San Diego and Washington DC, and presented the results of two different scanner studies. The FASEB meeting is attended by more than 10,000 scientists from around the world, but only a small percentage are selected to present. In January of 200 4, Dr. Carsten Smidt attended and presented the scanner/serum correlation study at the prestigious Gord on Research Conference on Carotenoids in Ventura, California. Dr. Smidt also scanned 60 of the top an tioxidant researchers in the world at this conference. In all instances the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner has been very well received by the scientific community.
Question:
If the BioPhotonic watchdog measures only carotenoids, how pledge absolute be used to infer the level of other nutrients?
RESPONSE:
Serum carotenoids correlate to overall antioxidant status
Carotenoid molecules are not regenerated be pleased other antioxidants, besides are degraded fame the process of neutralizing free radicals or reactive oxygen species. A regular carotenoid speck like lycopene or -carotene is operative to sustain more than 20 free radical hits by lipid radicals before it becomes completely destroyed (Tsuchiya, 1994). Lycopene further -carotene are adapted two examples of antioxidants among hundreds of antioxidants that make up the antioxidant effect. Carotenoids accomplish sacrificially to establish other members of the antioxidant network (close as vitamins E and C) from having to assistance unshackle radical hits; sway this access carotenoids will support the entire antioxidant domination thus reducing the danger from oxidative stress (Packer, 1994; Packer again Coleman, 1999). Conversely, striking levels of oxidative disquiet (e.g., plant smoking) adversely act on the antioxidant network, further the resulting massed free radical turmoil leads to a scarcity or abridgement in tissue carotenoids (Smidt further Shieh, 2003; Gollnick and Siebenwirth, 2002, Dietrich, 2003).
A recent study conducted by Svilaas et al. conscious carotenoids as a reliable arrow of other dietary antioxidants. Svilaas and his colleagues assessed antioxidant intake from diets of more than 2,670 adults, also evaluated blood serum antioxidants of 61 individuals for seven consecutive days. Svilaas et al. found the ability of carotenoids to predict extract levels of other antioxidants was stronger than the predictive ability of alpha, beta, delta, also gamma-tocopherols because quite being glutathione (Svilaas, 2004). Carotenoids are not only convenient biomarkers because they are accurate predictors of overall antioxidant status, but also they are Raman active besides can be detected wayward the concerns of blood samples (Bernstein, 1998, 2002; Gellermann 2002a; Zhao, 2003, Ermakov, 2004b). Furthermore, carotenoids are delivered to tissues by the same appliance as mismatched fat-soluble antioxidants. This shared LDL delivery mode is the proposed appliance to explain the correlation between tissue carotenoids and other fat-soluble antioxidants in convoluted studies (Lasheras et al., 2002; Steinberg & Chait, 1998).
Serum carotenoids correlate to skin carotenoids
Skin carotenoids analyzed by HPLC were shown to correlate significantly to secretion carotenoid levels (Peng, 1995). The accommodating affair between scratch biopsy-levels of carotenoids and liquor carotenoid levels eliminates the lust due to routine skin removal. A more recent study showed a highly significant correlation between liquor total carotenoids and skin carotenoids as assessed by Raman Spectroscopy (r = 0.78, p 0.001) (Smidt, 2004). These data bridge the findings of Svilaas, and Peng, to make evident Raman Spectroscopy seeing a method to assess skin carotenoid stratum due to an wrinkle of broad-spectrum antioxidant status, vanished the inconvenience of skin and blood samples.
Carotenoids typical as indicator of end product and vegetable intake
Carotenoids include supplementary than 50 antioxidants widely distributed among fruits and vegetables. When ingested from dietary sources, the presence of carotenoids mark animate tissue is an darner because the substantiality of other important nutrients common to those dietary sources (Svilaas, 2004). Based on this correlation, the National Cancer Institute awarded a $1 million research-grant to Yale scientists to grant a study using the Raman-detection of carotenoids considering an fair measure of fruit and vegetable intake (Mayne et al, 2003; YCC News Release, 2003). The likeness between carotenoids and unlike nutrients applies to nutritional supplements idiosyncratic to the degree they deliver optimal amounts of integrated essential and generally profitable nutrients. For this reason, LifePak(R) is formulated as a broad-spectrum multivitamin, mineral, antioxidant supplement, which contains nutrients in amounts matching to a diet appetizing in fruits and vegetables.
Question:
What aspects of health are unquestionably affected by opportune carotenoid nutrition?
RESPONSE:
Carotenoids has been shown in countless studies to support many areas of health The scanner is not intended to diagnose, mitigate, treat, or cure any disease. Nonetheless, convincing evidence suggests that certain carotenoids have been linked to health benefits including reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, cardiovascular disease, and prostate cancer. A review article written by Pharmanex scientists will appear in the peer-reviewed journal Current Trends in Nutraceutical Research. The article includes a review of the role of carotenoids in human health and is summarized below (Smidt and Burke, 2004).
Eye Health
A number of studies second the protective role of carotenoids force the prevention of age-related impression diseases. For example, penurious risks of cataracts (Brown et al., 1999; Chasan-Taber et al., 1999) and age-related macular degeneration (Seddon, 1994; Bone, 2000, 2003; Landrum, 1997, 1996; Elless, 2000; Bernstein, 2002, Richer, 1999; Hammond, 1997) swear by been associated with high intakes of vegetables lush in the carotenoids lutein again zeaxanthin.
Cardiovascular Health
The carotenoids lutein again lycopene accredit been shown separately to succour circuitous aspects of cardiovascular health. Studies be present existent health implications of lutein including decreased risk of grave from cardiovascular disease (Kouris-Blazos, 2002), decreased upgrowth of pre-atherosclerotic conditions (Dwyer, 2001), again other cardioprotective effects (Olmedilla, 2001; Cardinault, 2003).
The cardioprotective effects of lycopene have also been shown in multiple studies including reduced risk of myocardial infarction (Kohlmeier, 1997), lower risk of cardiovascular disease (Sesso, 2004), reduced LDL oxidation (Agarwal, 1998), and reduced production of LDL cholesterol (Fuhrman et al., 1997).
Cancer
Epidemiological studies have shown that high intakes of tomatoes and tomato products, rich in lycopene, as well as high blood levels of lycopene are significantly associated with decreased prostate cancer risk (Deming, 2002; Giles, 1997; Giovanucci, 1995, 2002; Lu, 2001; Vogt, 2002). The finding of Kucuk et al. suggests that lycopene supplementation may decrease prostate cancer growth (Kucuk et al., 2001). These effects may be attributed to lycopene’s antioxidant and DNA protective properties (Riso et al., 1999; Porrini and Riso, 2000).
Carotenoids may also play a role in cancer prevention because they can enhance gap junctional communication (GJC) between cells. (Krutovskikh et al., 1995; Yamasaki et al., 1995; Yamasaki, 1995; Dahl et al., 1995; Trosko, 2003). Lycopene and -carotene have been shown to enhance GJC significantly, and these effects are not related to their known antioxidant properties (Sies and Stahl, 1997; Stahl et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1991). Thus, carotenoids may act via two distinct mechanisms of action to protect from cancer: as antioxidants to prevent mutagenic DNA alterations, and as promoters of GJC.
Oxidative Stress correlates to skin carotenoid concentration
Many of the uppermost diseases are familiar to be linked to oxidative foreboding. A population study of 1,375 subjects was conducted at the Pharmanex Research Institute also embark on that persons with attractive oxidative stew recurrently swear by unhappy skin carotenoid levels due to measured by Raman spectroscopy, independent of subjects’ dietary carotenoid consumption. This correlation was demonstrated by using Urinary MDA test, a proven rough draft over oxidative anxiety (Smidt further Shieh, 2003).
Question:
Are other methods of testing more accurate at assessing antioxidant status?
RESPONSE:
Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be more reliable than other methods and more suitable for routine measurements reduced probability of error
Before Raman detection of carotenoids, manifest methods of measuring antioxidant station included the analysis of blood, urine, or tissue samples. These tests are expensive, invasive (e.g. skin biopsies; blood draw), admit a higher prayer of lapse (multiple steps involved predominance parade preparation and quantification all collect the magnitude of the overall slip). Moreover, physical may move weeks to receive the results. Also, the rightness of tests using blood/serum or urine is placed fix pump due to possible effects of recent meals as the timing that the biological sample is taken (blood or urine) influences the outcome. A recent clinical regard showed that Raman measurement of carotenoids in humans skin (palm of hand) correlates surpassingly too much with stamp out extract carotenoid levels quantified from fasted serum (Smidt, Gellermann, & Zidichouski, 2004). The BioPhotonic Scanner is a great way to measure carotenoid levels safely besides non-invasively at the site of action blot out the added rake-off that it is well functional for approach measurements in elevated populations. The ability to assess carotenoid status through Raman spectroscopy will lead to fresh advances in nutritional besides biological measurement.
Question:
How do Pharmanex formulations address the issue of excessively high levels of antioxidants acting as pro-oxidants?
RESPONSE:
Pharmanex products contain nutrient amounts proven to be safe in clinical studies
The levels of all nutrients found in Pharmanex products are based on well documented epidemiological, clinical, pre-clinical and safety studies. LifePak(R) is formulated to provide optimal nutrition with substantiated levels of nutrients that will not induce a pro-oxidative state. Included in the comprehensive blend of antioxidants is a balanced carotenoid combination in amounts similar to those provided by diets high in fruits and vegetables: 7.5 mg -carotene, 5 mg lycopene, 2 mg a-carotene and 2 mg lutein. Each ingredient in LifePak(R) is present in amounts that are documented to be safe for long-term supplementation. Further, LifePak is safe when taken in conjunction with a diet high in fruits and vegetables. The daily amounts of all vitamins and minerals are well below the No-Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAEL) established by the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) in 1997 and the Upper Limits (UL) established by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council.
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